Physician-assisted Suicide

Word Count: 2558

Introduction

The history of physician-assisted suicide began to emerge since the ancient time. Historians and ancient philosophers especially had been debating over this issue. Thus, this issue is no longer new to us. However, it seems little vague because it has not yet been fully told. The historical story consists of patterns of thought, advocacy, and interpretation on whether to legalize assisted death. "Only until June, 1999, the United States Supreme Court issued decisions in two cases that claimed constitutional protection for physician-assisted suicide, Washington v. Glucksberg and Vacoo v. Quill, by a single 9-0 vote covering the case (Bartin, Rhodes, Silver, 1). They also say that this decision mark the beginning of long period debate, which will not be fully resolved (1). Hence, the debate began by professionals from different aspects, especially the physicians themselves.
"I will never give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect". A frequent quoted portion of the Hippocratic Oath, written in Greece sometimes during the fifth to forth centuries B.C.E, represented an effort by an apparently small group of physicians to build public respectability by distancing themselves from other physicians who commit assisted suicide. It has had considerable influence in the history of Western medical society and now, once again, physician-assisted suicide has become a major ethical issue in medicine, as well as an issue that involves law and public interests. Of the various issues at the medicine issue, perhaps none has drawn as much attention as assisted suicide. This topic is being discussed with great frequency in newspaper, journals and books about whether it is really necessary and ethical to physicians to participate in this life-ending act. Proponents or advocates of physician-assisted suicide argue that each person has freedom over their own life. Persons whose quality of life is nonexistent and who are having a terminal illness should have the right to decide to seek assistance. In contrast, opponents say that physician-assisted suicide is not an acceptable practice for the physicians legally as well as morally.
This issue has become a central concern to the medical profession, legislators, philosophers, social psychologists, as well as the public. Interests in this controversial matter continue to grow increasingly whether it should be legalized. Perhaps everyone would have one's own thought and opinion. Nevertheless, assisted death is never a proper expression of compassion. It shows no care for the patients. Besides, it would be inhuman to assist other people to die. We should instead help the ill patient to recognize his self-worth and learn to cope with his problems, not to assist them in taking their lives.

1. Ethical Assessment - Right to die or to live?

Do people have the right to choose how to die? There is unquestionable growing support for permitting doctors to aid patients who wish to hasten their death. Physician-assisted suicide focuses the issue on the right of patients experiencing intolerably suffering to make free decision to end their lives. To propose physician-assisted suicide, Russell writes that many patients will go on suffering in great distress unless their lives are taken away (34). To them, everyone should have the right to request aid in dying if they find that their lives are no longer worth living. Other proponents argue that, in certain circumstances, "it is morally permissible and ought to be legally permissible, for physicians to provide the knowledge by which a patient can take her own life" (Dworkin, 3). Basically, the proponents consider two kinds of reasons for supporting this act. The first reason is that of freedom and the second has little to do with choice, but instead, death is to be given if the patients will suffer forever.

There are countless numbers of hopeless

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