Cloning

Title	Cloning
# of Words	573
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	2.29

Cloning

Cloning

Genetic engineering, altering the inherited characteristics of an organism in a
predetermined way, by introducing into it a piece of the genetic material of
another organism.  Genetic engineering offers the hope of cures for many
inherited diseases, once the problem of low efficiencies of effective transfer
of genetic material is overcome.

Another development has been the refinement of the technique called cloning,
which produces large numbers of genetically identical individuals by
transplanting whole cell nuclei.  With other techniques scientists can isolate
sections of DNA representing single genes, determine their nucleotide sequences,
and reproduce them in the laboratory.  This offers the possibility of creating
entirely new genes with commercially or medically desirable properties.

While the potential benefits of genetic engineering are considerable, so may be
the potential dangers.  For example, the introduction of cancer-causing genes
into a common infectious organism, such as the influenza virus, could be
hazardous.

We have come to believe that all human beings are equal; but even more firmly,
we are taught to believe each one of us is unique.  Is that idea undercut by
cloning? That is, if you can deliberately make any number of copies of an
individual, is each one special?  How special can clones feel, knowing they were
replicated like smile buttons.  "We aren't just our genes, we're a whole
collection of our experiences," says Albert Jonsen.  But the idea, he adds,
raises a host of issues, "from the fantastic to the profound."

When anesthesia was discovered in the 19th century, there was a speculation that
it would rob humans of the transforming experience of suffering.  When three
decades ago, James Watson and Francis Crick unraveled the genetic code, popular
discussion turned not to the new hope for vanquishing disease but to the specter
of genetically engineered races of supermen ...

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