ANGINA PECTORIS

Title	ANGINA PECTORIS
# of Words	4405
# of Pages (250 words per page double spaced)	17.62

ANGINA PECTORIS

ANGINA PECTORIS

Submitted by: Course: SBI OAO To: Date:

                       CONTENTS

3  Introduction
4  The Human Heart
5  Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease
5       Heart Attack
5       Sudden Death
5       Angina
6  Angina Pectoris
6       Signs and Symptoms
7       Different Forms of Angina
8       Causes of Angina
9  Atherosclerosis
9       Plaque
10      Lipoproteins
10      Lipoproteins and Atheroma
11 Risk Factors
11       Family History
11       Diabetes
11       Hypertension
11       Cholesterol
12       Smoking
12       Multiple Risk Factors
13  Diagnosis
14  Drug Treatment
14       Nitrates
14       Beta-blockers
15       Calcium antagonists
15       Other Medications
16  Surgery
16       Coronary Bypass Surgery
17       Angioplasty
18  Self-Help
20  Type-A Behaviour Pattern
21  Cardiac Rehab Program
22  Conclusion
23  Diagrams and Charts
26  Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

     In today's society, people are gaining medical knowledge at quite a fast
pace. Treatments, cures, and vaccines for various diseases and disorders are
being developed constantly, and yet, coronary heart disease remains the number
one killer in the world.

     The media today concentrates intensely on drug and alcohol abuse, homicides,
AIDS and so on. What a lot of people are not realizing is that coronary heart
disease actually accounts for about 80% of all sudden deaths. In fact, the
number of deaths from heart disease approximately equals to the number of deaths
from cancer, accidents, chronic lung disease, pneumonia and influenza, and
others, COMBINED.

     One of the symptoms of coronary heart disease is angina pectoris.
Unfortunately, a lot of people do not take it seriously, and thus not realizing
that it may lead to other complications, and even death.

THE HUMAN HEART

     In order to understand angina, one must know about our own heart. The human
heart is a powerful muscle in the body which is worked the hardest. A double
pump system, the heart consists of two pumps side by side, which pump blood to
all parts of the body. Its steady beating maintains the flow of blood through
the body day and night, year after year, non-stop from birth until death.

     The heart is a hollow, muscular organ slightly bigger than a person's
clenched fist. It is located in the centre of the chest, under the breastbone
above the sternum, but it is slanted slightly to the left, giving people the
impression that their heart is on the left side of their chest.

     The heart is divided into two halves, which are further divided into four
chambers: the left atrium and ventricle, and the right atrium and ventricle.
Each chamber on one side is separated from the other by a valve, and it is the
closure of these valves that produce the "lubb-dubb" sound so familiar to us.
(see Fig. 1 - The Structure of the Heart)

     Like any other organs in our body, the heart needs a supply of blood and
oxygen, and coronary arteries supply them. There are two main coronary arteries,
the left coronary artery, and the right coronary artery. They branch off the
main artery of the body, the aorta. The right coronary artery circles the right
side and goes to the back of the heart. The left coronary artery further divides
into the left circumflex and the left anterior descending artery. These two left
arteries feed the front and the left side of the heart. The division of the left
coronary artery is the reason why doctors usually refer to three main coronary
arteries. (Fig. 2 - Coronary Arteries)SYMPTOMS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

     There are three main symptoms of coronary heart disease: Heart Attack,
Sudden Death, and Angina.

Heart Attack

     Heart attack occurs when a blood clot suddenly and completely blocks a
diseased coronary artery, resulting in the death of the heart muscle cells
supplied by that artery. Coronary and Coronary Thrombosis2 are terms that can
refer to a heart attack. Another term, Acute myocardial infarction2, means death
of heart muscle due to an inadequate blood supply.

Sudden De...

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